A sentence is an arrangement of words in some order to give a sensible expression. The words can be nouns, verbs, or any parts of speech. But without a verb, no sentence can be formed.
I am happy.
I read a book. (the italics are verbs)
But, of course, we have sentences without verbs!
Better late than never.
The harder, the better.
I will discuss it in the next session.
Also, we can make sentences by removing verbs.
I have three mangoes. You, two.
Such a type of sentence is called an elliptical sentence. I will discuss it in a separate session.
A sentence is composed of basically two parts- subject (S) and predicate (P).
India (S) || [wins freedom] (P).
India (S) || [is country] (P).
The sentence may be formed with a single word (verb).
Play.
Come on.
A predicate may include a verb (V), an object (O), and a complement (C).
India (S) || [wins (V) freedom (O)] (P).
India (S) || [is (V) country (C)] (P).
The subject can be longer than one word.
[A glass of orange juice] || is on the table.
A fat red one-legged rat was crawling on the floor.
A verb in a sentence may take either object or complement.
India || is progressing (V) /fast/ (C).
The verb may take direct (DO) or indirect object (InO).
Sameer || gave me (DO) an apple (InO) to eat.
We can use modifiers (M) to expand our sentences. Modifiers add extra information about subjects or verbs.
India || wins freedom /at midnight/ (M).
India || is /a great/ (M) country.
India, /the land of Lord Ram/ (M), || always spreads love.
We can also use clauses (Cl) to make our sentences more expressive.
India {which was once called a golden bird } (Cl)|| proves herself the same.
India || won freedom {when her people || thought to be united} (Cl).
Our thoughts cannot be expressed with a single sentence, but with two or more sentences. Conjunctions (Con) are used to add two or more sentences together.
India || won freedom in 1947 \and\ (Con) gave a constitution in 1950.
India || progressed a lot, \yet\ (Con) she needs a lot more.
Each sentence has a purpose to achieve.
A sentence may be a statement.
India is a progressive country.
A sentence may be used to ask questions.
Is India a progressive sentence?
A sentence may be used in negative implications.
India is not a progressive country.
Is India not a progressive country.
A sentence may be used to give instructions or advice and to express a command, an order, a direction, or a request.
Let me tell you the rules of the game. (instruction)
Please, give me that book. (request)
Open the door for me. (order)
Bring that boy to me right now. (command)
Don’t take a shortcut in life. (advice)
Emotions and excitement may also be expressed with the sentence.
Happy birthday!
Ohhh! What the hell are you?
Wow! I got the ticket.
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